Mansouri Ḥabib Llah, amaru, amaswaḍ n tutlayt tamaziɣt

Ad ḥemdeɣ Uzmir imi ssawḍeɣ ad aruɣ wa ad snulfuɣ s tutlayt i yefren wul-iw.

Ḥabib Llah Mensuri, d amaru d amaswaḍ n tutlayt tamaziɣt.  Yeqqar, yettaru,n yessuqul, yettnadi . Yettwali ɣer sdat ; yekkat amek ara. yesnerni amḍan n yimeɣriyen-is s 3 titlayin. Izen-is iban: d almud n Tmaziɣt neɣ ɣef Tmaziɣt xas tutlayt nniḍen. Yezga yessaram ad yaweḍ akk ɣer wid yettutlayen tantaliwin timaziɣin d wid yeffuden tamussni ɣef tutlayt n Mulud At Mεemmer. 

Anwa-t Habib-Allah Mansouri ?

Luleɣ-d deg temdint n Wehran ass n 09 seg furar 1968. Lasel-iw, seg temnaḍt n Wat Ɛidel, seg Yijeɛfer (Ǧaɛafra) deg twilayt n Burǧ Buɛrariǧ. Sɛeddaɣ temẓi-inu armi d aseggas n 1992 deg temdint-agi ideg ɣriɣ, armi d-wwiɣ agerdas n lissens deg Umezruy seg tesdawit n Ssinya. Ruḥeɣ-d sakin ɣer tesdawit n Mulud Mɛemmri, ɣer ugezdu n tutlayt d yidles imaziɣen akken ad kemmleɣ leqraya-inu.

Xas akken tekkreḍ-d di temdint taεerbawalt (Wehran), tḍefreḍ tizrawin n Tmaziɣt, d acu i k-iwellhen tuɣeḍ taɣult-a? 

D tidet, kkreɣ-d deg temdint n Wehran, tamdint taɛerbawalt, maca amahil-inu ɣef Tmaziɣt din i yebda uqbel tisin-inu ɣer tmurt n Leqbayel. Mi lliɣ d anelmad asdawan, mlaleɣ-d wid yessefraken tiddukla « Numidya ». Lliɣ gar wid i tt-yesbedden s wudem unsib, am wakken lliɣ d amaray amatu n tiddukla-agi. Deg temdint n Wehran daɣen i ssneɣ Kamal Nait-Zerrad d Ḥaman Ɛebdellah (ad fell-as yeɛfu yerḥem), lliɣ daɣen d amaray amatu n tiddukla « asirem ». Gar tacciwin, amagrad-inu amezwaru ɣef Tmaziɣt, yeffeɣ-d deg tesɣunt n tiddukla-agi « Tidmi tamirant », maca deg tallit-nni tuɣ-iyi ttaruɣ s Taɛrabt. Tazrawt n umezruy teldi-iyi allen-iw ɣef temsalt n timmuzɣa. Ihi, ulac acu i yessewhamen ma ḍefreɣ abrid n Tmaziɣt. 

Amek i tkecmeḍ annar n tira? 

Am wakken i am-d-nniɣ, amagrad amezwaru i uriɣ yeffeɣ-d deg tesɣunt « Tidmi tamirant » s tutlayt taɛrabt. Mi kecmeɣ ɣer tesdawit n Mulud Mɛemmri, uriɣ aṭas n yimagraden i d-yewwin ɣef umezruy i d-yeffɣen deg yiɣmisen yellan deg yiseggasen n 1990, amedya « Le Pays ». Maca ayen yerzan tisuqilin, bdant seg tazwara n yiseggasen n 2000 s tsuqilt n « Ageldun amecṭuḥ » n Antoine de Saint-Exupéry d « Tamilla » n Ferdinand Duchêne, seg tallit-nni ur ḥbiseɣ tira. 

Acḥal yedlisen i turid? Mmeslay-aɣ-d fell-asen.

Llan yidlisen i uriɣ, llan wiyaḍ d tasuqilt kan i asen-xedmeɣ. Amur ameqqran n wayen i d-ssuffɣeɣ d tasuqilt. Ad bedreɣ kra seg-sen kan : ayen uriɣ, « La Kabylie dans les écrits français du XIXe siècle », adlis-agi deg tilawt d tazrawt i xedmeɣ deg tesdawit n Mulud Mɛemmri akken ad heyyiɣ agerdas n Majister deg tɣerma tamaziɣt ; « Adlisfus ameẓyan i uselmed n tmawalt deg uswir alemmas » i d-yeffɣen ɣer tezrigin « Tira ». Ayen i ssuqleɣ bḍan ɣef sin n yiḥricen : aḥric amezwaru seg tefransist ɣer taɛrabt : « Imaziɣen ass-a » n Salem Chaker, d « Introduction à la littérature berbère » n mass Haddadou (ad fell-as yeɛfu yerḥem) ; aḥric wis sin seg tefransist d taɛrabt ɣer tmaziɣt : ugar n wid i d-bedreɣ iwsawen, ad bedreɣ « adraw » (Le Banquet) n Mɛemmri ; « Tiɣermin yemmeččen » d « Igefran n wureɣ » n Sari Mohammed ; « Leɛzib n yiɣersiwen » (La ferme des animaux » n Georges Orwell ; deg wussan-agi ineggura, kfiɣ tasuqilt n wungal n Lynda Chouiten « Roman des Pôv’Cheveux » (Ungal n Anẓaḍmeɣbun », am wakken heyyaɣ yiwet n tesniremt n umezruy s Tmaziɣt (terminologie d’histoire »…

Tasuqilt teṭṭef azal axatar deg yimuhal-ik, ssegzi-aɣ-d tamentilt n waya. 

D tidet, d tasuqilt i yeṭṭfen amur ameqqran n umahil-inu. Tamentilt n waya ɣur-i, ur nezmir ara ad nemmeslay ɣef uselmed n Tmaziɣt ma ur nufi ara deg tnedlisin idlisen d wungalen yuran s uɣanib ifazen s tutlayt tamaziɣt ; d tagnit daɣen s wayes nezmer ad neldi tiwwura n Tmaziɣt ɣef Wayeḍ.  Ayen yerzan tasuqilt n yidlisen n umezruy s Tmaziɣt, urǧin ad naweḍ ad nesmuzzeɣ tizrawin tisdawanin ma ur yufi ara unelmad idlisen deg taɣult-agi uran s Tmaziɣt.

Telliḍ yakan d aselmad, tuɣaleḍ d amaswaḍ. Mmeslay-aɣ-d ɣef snat termitin-a d wassaɣ i yellan gar-asent. 

Kecmeɣ ɣer uselmed deg useggas n 1993, lliɣ d aselmad n umezruy d trakalt deg tesnawit, umbaɛd unekcum n Tmaziɣt ɣer uɣerbaz, uɣaleɣ d aselmad n tutlayt tamaziɣt deg useggas n 1995 deg tesnawit « Ɛamiruc » deg temdint n Tizi-Uzzu. Sin n yiseggasen umbaɛd, ufiɣ iman-iw d aselmad deg uswir alemmas anda qqimeɣ azal n 16 n yiseggasen, uɣaleɣ sakin d amaswaḍ deg useggas n 2010. 

Ilaq ad teḥsuḍ d akken aselmed n Tmaziɣt deg yiseggasen-ines imezwura yewɛer mačči d kra : aẓayer n uselmad d tanga i yesselmad ur iban ara, d tanga tanufrant (facultative) ; ulac ahilen unsiben ; ulac isemliyen isnalmuden. Aselmed n Tmaziɣt, deg tallit-nni, d acqirew !

Assaɣ yellan ger uselmed d tesweḍt iban, d tirmit-inu i kesbeɣ deg uselmed i ttaɛraḍeɣ ad ssiwḍeɣ i yiselmaden yellan deg wannar. 

Assa, aselmad n Tmaziɣt, yettidir ddeqs n wuguren; swayes i yessefk ad frun? D acu i itegg umaswaḍ akken ad as-yefk afus n tallelt? 

Uguren n uselmad n wass-a mgaraden ɣef wuguren i d-mmugren yiselmaden n Tmaziɣt imezwura. Iselmaden n Tmaziɣt ass-a, akken ma llan ur sɛin ara uguren inedbalen, ttwaḥesben am nitni am yiselmaden niḍen. Ayen yerzan asileɣ, d tidet, ttmagaren aṭas n wuguren imi tasdawit (agezdu n tutlayt tamaziɣt) urɛad yewwiḍ ad yessuffeɣ amkil i yeḥwaǧ uselmed n Tmaziɣt, dagi i tettbin temlilt n umaswaḍ : aneḍfur n uselmad deg wannar d usileɣ-ines.

Yella wacu tettheyyiḍ ɣer sdat (isenfaren) ? 

Imir-a, ɣur-i yiwen n usenfar ara iyi-yeṭṭfen ma ulac maḍi semmus neɣ seddis n yiseggasen : tasuqilt n « Amezruy n Yimaziɣen » n Ibn Xeldun ɣer Tmaziɣt. 

D anwi ay d imeɣriyen n yidlisen-ik? D wid yellan kan di taɣult n Tmaziɣt neɣ llan wiyaḍ? 

Amur ameqqran n yimeɣriyen-inu, d wid yellan yakan deg wannar n Tmaziɣt, maca ayen i d-ssuffɣeɣ s Taɛrabt d Tefransist, iḥuza azayez niḍen. Asmi teffeɣ tsuqilt n Salem Chaker « Imaziɣen ass-a », faqeɣ d akken imaziɣen n temnaḍin niḍen n tmurt (Icawiyen d Yimẓabiyen) ur ufin ara acu ara ɣren ɣef Tmaziɣt, imi idlisen yerzan taɣult-agi uran deg tuget-nsen s Tefransit. 

Anida zemren yimeɣriyen ad afen idlisen-inek? .

Kra n yizwal kan i nezmer ad d-naf deg tnedlisin am Multichikh d "L'Odyssée". Wiyaḍ, kfan.

Mass Mensuri, yeqqar, yessen akken iwata 3 tutlayin. Anta seg-sent i ɣer yettaẓ wul-is ugar? D Tamaziɣt, d Taεrabt neɣ d Tafransist

Tettunefk-iyi tegnit ad lemdeɣ kraḍet n tutlayin-agi, yal tutlayt s wazal-is, rnu, am wakken i d-yenna Ferhat Imaziɣen Imula deg yiwet seg  tuɣac-ines « Tutlayin, am yimdanen, kif-kif-itent deg uzref ; d tafat i yeskanayen abrid i yal aɣref ». Maca ma nuɣal ɣer tin n wul, tban tririt : d Tamaziɣt ! Ad ḥemdeɣ Uzmir imi ssawḍeɣ ad aruɣ wa ad snulfuɣ s tutlayt i yefren wul-iw, ur iyi-teḍri ara am umaru ameqqran Malek Heddad, i yerẓen imru-ines, yeḥbes tira s tefransist imi d Taɛrabt i yesmenyif, maca netta ur yessaweḍ ara ad yelmed tutlayt Taɛrabt.

Amek tettwaliḍ aselmed n Tmaziɣt gar yiḍelli (iseggasen imezwura) d tura? Amek ara yili deg yimal (tamuɣli-k)? 

Iswan n uselmed n Tmaziɣt deg yiseggasen-ines imezwura mgaraden mliḥ ɣef wid n tura. Deg yiseggasen imenza, iswan n uselmed d asidef n tutlayt deg unagraw asnalmudan azzayri, d tukksa seg wallaɣ n yicenga n tmaziɣt tikti-nni i d-yeqqaren d akken tamaziɣt urǧin tezmer ad tili d tutlayt tussnant s wayes nezmer ad nesɣer. Sin n yiswan-agi, newweḍ ɣur-sen. Maca tura acqqirew i yettganin tamaziɣt, d asdukkel-ines d usetrer-ines. Ahilen unsiben n tmaziɣt ur d-ddin d yiswi-agi.

Ur zmireɣ ara ad mmeslayeɣ ɣef yimal n uselmed n tutlayt-agi skud ur nesɛi ara iswan ibanen.

Taggara-a, yettunefk-ak warraz ɣef tsuqilt i tgid i udlis n M.A Ḥaddadu, si tutlayt tafransist ɣer Taεrabt. Acu d aḥulfu-ik? "Tutlayt-inu", la k-tesnemmir, la ak-teqqar mebruk. Acu n tmentilt i k-yeǧǧan ad t-tessuqleḍ ɣer tutlayt n Taεrabt send Tamaziɣt? 

Tanemmirt ɣef usebɣes. Ayen yeɛnan timental yellan deffir n tsuqilt-agi ɣer Taɛrabt, hedreɣ fell-asent yakan, maca ad asen-d-alseɣ akken niḍen : tamentilt tamezwarut, d asufeɣ n Tmaziɣt ɣer wallunen imaynuten. Tamentilt tis snat, iɛerbawalen, ur ufin ara acu ara ɣren ɣef Tmaziɣt, ula d Imaziɣen ur nessin ara Tafransist ttmagaren ugur-agi. Tura ayen yeɛnan tasuqilt-ines ɣer Tmaziɣt, ur ifut ara lḥal.

Amek tettwaliḍ azekka n tutlayt-nneɣ? Acu i d asirem-ik?

Anwa i as-yennan ad nizmir ad nesɣer deg yiɣerbazen-nneɣ Tamaziɣt s Tmaziɣt. Ma nuɣal ɣer yiseggasen n 80, nettwali tamsalt-agi am wakken d awezɣi. Anwa i as-yennan daɣen ad nessiweḍ ɣef usuffeɣ n tesniram i d-yewwin ɣef usɣan, tiliktrunit, tasnilest, amezruy, takrura… Ad awen-d-alseɣ ayen i d-yenna umaru Amin Zaoui asmi iyi-yettunefk warraz ɣef tsuqilt n « Le petit prince » ɣer Tmaziɣt : « Tamaziɣt i yessawḍen ad tessuqel « Le petit prince » d tutlayt yesɛan imal. » Maca nekkni s Imaziɣen ilaq ad neḥbes ciṭuḥ asuter, yessefk fell-aɣ ad nebges i uxeddim. Tameslayt, d arraw-is i tt-yesnernayen mačči d ayen niḍen. Anwa i as-yennan ad nizmir ad nesɣer deg yiɣerbazen-nneɣ tamaziɣt s tmaziɣt. 

Acu i d awal-ik ɣef ublug amaziɣ i d-yelhan deg usnerni d uselmed n tutlayt, idles d wayen yeqqnen akk ɣur-s?.

Am wakken neḥwaǧ idlisen i neḥwaǧ iblugen. Anternet, d allun ideg ilaq ad nessidef tamaziɣt, acku tasuta-agi tamaynut tessexdam-it s waṭas Ayen yerzan ablug-nwen, igerrez, yuɣal d aɣbalu i yiselmaden i ixeddmen deg wannar. Ihi, afud ijehden.

Tadiwennit, texdem-itt Farida Cebbiri

Tutlayt-inu

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