Amussnaw, Charles Darwin

Bab n teẓri n umhaz n tlemsin

Charles (Robert) Darwin ilul ass n 12 Fuṛaṛ 1809 deg Shrewsbury (Shropshire, Langliz) – Yemmut ass n 19 Yebrir 1882 deg Down (Kent, Langliz). Darwin d amesgama abriṭani. D memmi-s n memmi-s n Erasmus Darwin. Yezrew tasnajya (médecine) deg Tesdawit n Edinburgh, am wakken ay yezrew tasnudert (biologie) deg Cambridge. Yettwazen deg uɣerrabu n HMS Beagle d amsengama akken ad yezrew iɣersiwen d tesnakalt (géologie) n Temrikt n Unẓul d Yillan n Unẓul gar 1831 d 1836. 

Deg usikel-nni (voyage) yufa-d aṭas n tɣawsiwin timaynutin ɣef yiɣersiwen d tesnakalt yernu yura-d fell-asent tiɣawsiwin s wazal-nsent. D aya ay as-d-yellan d azadur (base) i teẓri-nnes n umhaz (théorie de l’évolution). Darwin iger tamawt dakken yella unmezgi (concurrence) gar yiterrasen n yiwet n telmest (espèce) yernu iwala, ɣef umedya, dakken mi ara yili ugḍiḍ yesɛa aqamum d umsid ugar n yigḍaḍ niḍen n telmest-nnes, ad yesɛu tawenza (chance) akken ad yedder xir n yigḍaḍ-nni niḍen yernu, arraw-nnes, mi ara sɛun ṣṣifat-nnes, ula d nitni ad ifen igḍaḍ niḍen.

I lmend n waya, yenna-d dakken agama yesmenyafay iterrasen (individus) ay ijehden ugar yernu d iterrasen-a ay izemren ad sɛeddin ṣṣifat-nsen ugar i tsutwin ay d-yetteddun. Darwin, iwala dakken d ta ay d tasemseddut (mécanisme) ayyes agama yessejhad ṣṣifat yelhan yernu yettekkes ṣṣifat n diri deg tlemsin (espèces) timuddirin. Yeqqim Darwin yettmahal ɣef teẓri-nnes ugar n 20 n yiseggasen, sakkin yessuffeɣ-tt-id deg udlis-nnes mechuṛen n « Ɣef Tizert n Tlemsin » (De l’origine des espèces) deg 1859.

Akken kan ay d-yeffeɣ udlis-nni, yebda yettnuzu s waṭas yernu nudan-d fell-as aṭas n medden. D acu kan, ula ma dindin kan ussnanen qeblen tiẓri n Darwin, aṭas n yimḍebbren isɣananen (religieux) ay d-iwten deg-s yernu yekker fell-as umjadel. Ula ma tennegma (se développer) tmussni n tesnudert s tegra (découvertes) ay d-yellan deg tsenjint (génétique), maca tiẓri n Darwin ɣef umhaz mazal-itt tesɛa azal d ameqqran deg tussna. 

Gar yidilisen-nnes ixataren (importants) niḍen, yella « Anuḥyu [variation] deg Yiɣersiwen d Yimɣan Yettwaṛebban » (1868) d « Addur [descente] n Umdan » (1871). Darwin yettwamḍel deg tabbayt n Westminster. 

Rzut ɣef Usegzawal n Tutlayt Tatrart – Tamaziɣt-Tafṛansit: https://sites.google.com/site/asegzawaltafransit/

Ɛumar Mufuq

tutlayt-inu