Qqaren-as Malek Houd, ilul deg At Mlikec, yezdeɣ deg Tezmalt. D aselmad n tutlayt tamaziɣt (taqbaylit) seg 1995 almi 2019, aseggas ideg yewwi tastaɣt-is, yexdem azal n 42 yiseggasen deg tudert-is. D amedyaz, d amaru diɣen, dima s tutlayt tamaziɣt taqbaylit.
Acu i ak-yeǧǧan ad tkecmeḍ annar n tira d tmedyazt ? Melmi i tebdiḍ ?
Tira n tmedyezt bdiɣ-tt seg zik, mi lliɣ akken qqareɣ deg uɣerbaz alemmas, Lliɣ imiren ttaruɣ-tt s tutlayt n Voltaire (Tafransist). Almi d iseggasen n 70 i bdiɣ ttaruɣ isefra-inu s Teqbaylit.
Tuget n tmedyazt-ik ɣef wacu i tt-txedmeḍ ? Acu n usentel ideg tettafeḍ iman-ik ?
Isefra-inu tezzin, tuget deg-sen ɣef yisental i uran yimedyazen n ddunit fell-asen am yiɣeblan n ddunit, tayri, aglam n umdan d ugama maca nekk uriɣ aṭas ɣef tnegmit n tmagit tamaziɣt. Tikwal ad bduɣ asefru ɣef tayri, ɣer taggara ad d-afeɣ iman-iw ttaruɣ ɣef tmentilt tahaggart, dagi bɣiɣ ad d-iniɣ Tamaziɣt i bɣan ad tt-snegren cwiṭ cwiṭ wigi akka i yettcaxen ɣef yimal-nneɣ.
Acḥal n yedlisen i d-tessuffɣeḍ?
Uriɣ ṭam (8) n yidlisen. Umuɣ d wa :
Idlisen-inu i d-yeffɣen llan ass-a deg ssuq d wi: Ammud n tmedyazt: “Asirem yessaramen”; Tamacahut n udrar aberkan; Tizlit tuḥzint n yimattaren n Teqsebt d Yasmina tamecṭuḥt yenɣa baba-s” (d tasuqilt); Ammud n tmucuha d temɛayin; Ammud n tullisin: “Timsirin n yiḍ”; Ammud n tullisin: “Terẓeg n tament”; Ammud n tmedyazt wis sin: “Tilelli ur telli"; Ccḍeb akked yiẓuran (d unga). Llan daɣen yidlisen, heggan fukken maca urɛad d-ttwaẓergen: ammud n tmedyezt “Tijmilin”, ammud n tmedyezt: “Tirwayin” akked yiwen n usefru n 1007 yifyar, yis-s rriɣ tajmilt i umaru aneɣmas, ameɣnas Ṭahar Ǧaɛut, fell-as yeɛfu yerḥem: “D tarẓagant am yilili”.
Xeddmeɣ diɣen iẓeḍwan n wawalen inmudag (mots croisés). Deg yiseggasen 2000, 2001, 2002 yal ass n Larebɛa aɣmis “Le Matin” yessufuɣ-iyi-d yiwen n uẓeṭṭa n wawalen inmudag d yiwen n “Frawal” (mot caché) s Teqbaylit.
Neẓra belli aṭas warrazen iseklanen i d-tḥellaḍ; ttxil-k, mmeslay-aɣ-d fell-asen
Kkiɣ deg waṭas n tfaskiwin ama n tmedyezt, ama n tullisin. Arrazen i wwiɣ deg tmedyezt d. wi:
1989 : Arraz amezwaru n tfaska n tmedyezt i d-tettheggi Tiddukla tadelsant n Ssumam n Bgayet (poésiades).
1990 : Arraz amezwaru diɣen (poésiades n Bgayet).
Tafaska i d-tettheggi Tiddukla Adrar n Fad wwiɣ snat n tikkal arraz wis kraḍ, ur cfiɣ ara anwa aseggas.
2006 : Arraz wis sin n tfaskan n tmedyezt i d-tettheggi Tiddukla Itri Adelsan n Uqbu.
Arrazen i wwiɣ deg tullisin.
Deg tfaskiwin i d-tettheggi Tiddukla Yusef Uqasi n At Jennad acḥal d abrid i wwiɣ arraz n usegɣes, Arraz n Tahar Djaout.
2015 : Arraz wis sin n temssizzelt n tullisin « Belɛid At Ɛli »
D aya iwimi cfiɣ, yezmer lḥal llan wrrazen i ttuɣ.
Azwel n tullist « Tayri n tasa » seg wammud « Terẓeg n tament ».
2016 : Arraz amezwaru n temssizzelt n tullisin « Belɛid At Ɛli »
Azwel n tullist « Amusebbel bu tneɛḍab » seg wammud « Terẓeg n tament ».
Yezmer ad ilin deg Tizi ma tnudaḍ akken i ilaq. Llan diɣen deg Zzayer, Bgayet, Aqbu, Tazmalt...
Acu n ssenf n yedlisen i tḥemmleḍ ad teɣreḍ ?
Iseggasen n 70 d 80 ulac akk meḥsub adlis amaziɣ, imi neɣra Tafransist neqqar tasekla tafransist, ulac afran, ayen d-ufiɣ sdat-i ad t-ɣreɣ ɣas ma ungalen i d-yettawin ɣef tedyanin i ḥemmleɣ ad ɣreɣ aṭas. Assen i bdan teffɣen-d yidlisen n Tmaziɣt, dɣa qqareɣ kan, win yebɣun yaru-t imir-nni ulac aṭas n yimura, ma bedreɣ kan kra deg-sen, yella Dda lmulud, Racid ɛellic, Ɛmer Mezdad, Saɛid Saḍi, Belɛid At Ɛli… Ulac axtiri, a wudu kan ad naf adlis yura s tutlayt-nneɣ.
Anwa amedyaz i wumi tselleḍ neɣ teqqareḍ isefra-ines ?
Mačči yiwen neɣ sin, asefru ma yelha, iḥemmel umeẓẓuɣ ad as-isel. Imedyazen iqburen i iyi-yeččuren tiṭ d Si Muḥen u Mḥend, Muḥenḍ Saɛid Amlikec, Yusef u Qasi, Ccix Muḥend u Lḥusin… Wigi n tura Benmuḥemmed, Ayt Mangellat, Zeddak Mulud… Ma d win i d-yeǧǧan ccama deg-i d Muḥend u Yeḥya (Muḥya), aṭas i sliɣ i tesfifin-is n tmedyezt deg yiseggasen n 80. Deg ɣuct 1981 ṛuḥeɣ almi d ɣur-s deg uzniq Amboise deg tlemmast n Paris i yesɛa yiwet. tḥanut n yifarisen n wučči. D tamedyezt-is i yerran kra n yicennayen-nneɣ ttwassnen maca aṭas i as-yeččan lxir. Yezzuɣer-iyi cwiṭ ɣer tmedyezt-is imi kra n yisefra-inu ttaken ciṭ anzi ɣer wid-is.
Anwa aḥric n tira ideg tettafeḍ iman-ik, tamedyazt neɣ tullisin?
Ɣur-i kif kif-iten akk imi amahil-a yezga d asnulfu aseklan. Maca ma neṭall amḍan n tullisin i uriɣ ar ass-a, 11, d umḍan n yesefra ahat iɛedda 1000, d ayen ara iyi-d-issenzen d akken d tamedyezt i yeffɣen fell-i.
Imeɣriyen-ik, acu ḥemmlen ad ɣren seg wayen tettaruḍ ?
Asteqsi-a, ilaq ad t-tefkeḍ i yimeɣriyen, d nutni ara am-d-yerren fell-as maca ɣef wayen i iyi-d-yettawḍen tikwal ḥemmlen akk ayen ttaruɣ.
Amek tettwaliḍ idles-nneɣ ass-a, ɣef wakken yella zik (tallit n lḥers)?
Ihi, seg yiseggasen 70 i ḥsiɣ Tamaziɣt ad tekcem s aɣerbaz, am kra n yimeddukal, qlilit, ɣef waya i nekker ad nelmed tameslayt nneɣ iman nneɣ, melba aselmad. Yewweḍ-d useggas 1995, tufa-aɣ-d nhegga iman-nneɣ, wanag tamurt-nneɣ Zzayer ur d-tecɣil ara maḍi deg Tmaziɣt, tekkat ad tt-tessenger.
Ayen akk igedlen yettas-d ẓid, akka i teḍra yid-neɣ, kkaten s waṭas n ttawilat ad nettu idles-nneɣ, heggan-aɣ-d win ara neḍfer (Taɛrabt) meɛna imiren i nettnekkar ad d-necɣel yid-s s yiwen n lebɣi yettimɣuren yal ass.
Γef wayen i ttwaliɣ akka tura amzun feclen yimdanen cwiṭ, mačči am zik. Ziḳ ɣas ur ssinen ara ad ɣren Tamaziɣt ttaɣen idlisen, tura mi ssnen ad tt-ɣren, idlisen ur ten-ttaɣen ara. I wakken amaru ad yaru, ilaq ameɣri ad iɣer.
Wissen imal n Tmaziɣt di tmurt-nneɣ amek ara yili?
Ass-a zemreɣ ad d-iniɣ mebla akukru nezmer ad nesselmed s Teqbaylit tanga i nebɣa ama n tsekla ama n tussna. Aṭas i tecɣeb temsalt-a, ur gganen ara uḍan-nsen, xeddmen, ttnadin akken tutlayt ad taf iman-is acku ḥsiɣ yiwen wass kan ad nesɣer tarwa-nneɣ s tutlayt i d-ṭṭḍen ɣer tyemmatin-nsen.
Tamaziɣt (Taqbaylit), azekka-s ad yecceɛcceɛ, deg tal taɣult: tasekla, taklut, amezgun, sinima, tussna… Ttwaliɣ-tt deg kra n temnaḍin n tmurt n Zzayer am Tmurt n Leqbayel, tin n Yicawiyen, tin n Yimucaɣ, d tin n Yimẓabiyen… d nettat (Tamaziɣt) ara yilin d tutlayt tamezwarut (deffir, tin yebɣun ternu-d). Ad ssutreɣ kan deg watmaten ad amnen, ad dduklen, ad ttasmen, ad xeddmen, akken Tamaziɣt ad tt-id-yettmmagar ala wass amellal.
Tteffɣen-d ddeqs n yedlisen s Tmaziɣt taggara-a, acu ara d-tiniḍ deg wannect-a?
D ayen igerrzen mi d-tteffɣen akka s waṭas, meɛna adlis nettaru-t akken ad t-aɣen ad t-ɣren. Aya iban-d ixuṣṣ, nniɣ-t-id usawen deg yiseggasen n 70 d wid n 80 i ttaɣen adlis amaziɣ.
Neẓra akken tesεiḍ ablug "aghucaf", rezzun-d ɣur-s yimeɣriyen?
Ablug-iw « aghucaf » ldiɣ-t deg yunyu 2010, ɣur-s azal 286 imagraden, akk inu, 99% uran s tutlayt taqbaylit. Deg-sen tella tmedyezt, tullisin, timucuha, tineqqisin d kra n yiḍrisen yuklalen ad ilin. Amḍan n yinerzafen i d-ikecmen s ablug-iw iɛedda 217000, Aḥric ameqqran n Zzayer, Marikan, Fransa, Kanada d wazal n nnig 100 n tmura-nniḍen deg ddunit. Iwenniten wwḍen 656.
Acu ara d-tiniḍ i wid ixeddmen ɣef Tmaziɣt s tutlayin-niḍen?D ayen yelhan. Acimi ? Kra n Yicinwaten kkan kra n yiseggasen deg tmurt-nneɣ, lemden taqbaylit. Imḍebbren-a nneɣ ɣas nettwaḥkem nnig n 14 n leqrun, ɛedzen ar ass-a ad lemden tutlayt tamezwarut n tmurt : Tamaziɣt (Taqbaylit). I wakken ad ḥsun d acu i nebɣa nekkni s Yimaziɣen, tuwi-d ad naru iḍrisen-a s tutlayin i fehmen am Tefransist, Taɛrabt, Taneglizit… Ɣas akka, ar tura sɛuẓẓgen, ttaken-d lwi cwiṭ cwiṭ kan. Diɣen kra n yiḍrisen ussnanen, mazal ar ass-a ur nessaweḍ ara ad ten-naru s tutlayt-nneɣ, nessexdam tutlayin i ɣ-yeǧǧan maca asentel yerza dima Tamaziɣt.
Yella wacu d-tettheggiḍ ɣer sdat (isenfaren) ?
Yella wayen i d-iheyyan meɛna mazal ur d-yeffiɣ ara. Kraḍ wammuden n tmedyezt fukken aṭas aya, maca wissen melmi ara d-ffɣen. Deg uqerruy-iw itezzi wungal wis sin, wissen anwa ass ara ɛeddiɣ ad t-bduɣ…
D acu i d-asirem-inek ?
Acu ara tiniḍ deg ublug tutlayt-inu i iqedcen ɣef yidles ?
Awal nniɣ-t-id deg yiwet n tdiwennit ur cfiɣ anwa aɣmis i d-tedda : «Zik neqqar win yebɣan Tamaziɣt, yissin tira-s ». Tura mi ggten wid i tt-yeqqaren, wid i tt-yettarun, tuwi-d fell-aneɣ ad nbeddel tanfalit-a ara nerr akka : « Win yebɣan Tamaziɣt, yeldi ablug » akken ad sfaydin yinelmaden akked d wid iḥemmlen taɣuri.
Llan tura ddeqs n yiblugen i iqeddcen akken ad yennerni yidles amaziɣ, gar-asen ablug «Tutlayt-inu» i yekkaten ad yessiweḍ yiwen n yizen i Yimaziɣen akken ma llan : « Seḥbibrem ɣef tutlay-nwen, ala kunwi i tesɛa ma tebɣam ad d-teqqim ur tettaɣ ara abrid n nnger » (ɣef yiqerray n wid ur tt-nebɣi ara).
S wacu ara twessiḍ ilmeẓyen n wass-a i iqeddcen ɣef tutlayt-nneɣ ?
Awal-ik n taggara ?
Ssarameɣ tiririt i d-rriɣ ɣef waṭas n tuttriwin-inem ad teddu deg lebɣi n yimeɣriyen n ublug Tutlayt-inu. Ad snemmreɣ kra n win yerran tanfalit-a «Leɛtab ur yettwaḥsab» d ayla-s. Teɣzi n tudert i yiblugen am wi akked d wid iqeddcen fell-asen.
Azulen.
Tadiwennit, texdem-itt Farida Cebbiri
Tutlayt-inu
Azul,
RépondreSupprimerTanemmirt i wid i ɣ-d-yeldin tawwurt-a akken ad nissin ugar amedyaz-amaru, ameɣnas-a! Ɣas ma dda Malek ssneɣ-t yakan, acku seg wid yufraren di tdayazt deg iseggasen-nni 1989 d 90. Nettaf-it di tfaskiwin ger imedyazen yufafen: dda Malek Ḥudd, Ḥmed Leḥlu d Ɛemran Salem. D tallit ɣezzifen aya, akken ur yebri i tegdemt (ṭṭbel) deg waman acku d ameɣnas n tidet i yella.
Afud anebɣas!