Tadiwennit d uduktur n tesnilest tamaziɣt Saεid Hasani

 Anwa i d Saεid Ḥasani?

Saεid Ḥasani, Ilul di Leɛzib n Ẓeɛmum (Naṣirya) deg useggas n 1977. Di 2001, yewwi-d turagt n Tmaziɣt akked tegrawt tamezwarut di tesdawit Mulud At Mεemmer.

Yesselmed ilugan n tira d tjerrumt n tutlayt-is deg yiwet n tdukkla tadelsant di Tizi Uzzu ger 2000 d 2001. Yebda tarmit n uselmed deg uɣerbaz alemmas deg useggas n 2002-2003. Annect-a, yefka-as tagnit yekka d aεeyyal n tidukkla n yiselmaden n Tmaziɣt si 2003 ar 2008. Yezga d aselmad deg uɣerbaz alemmas Ɛemyud Smaεil si 2006 ar 2009. Deg useggas n 2008, yewwi-d agerdas-is n majister n tmaziɣt di tesdawit Mulud At-Mɛemmer.

Si 2009 ar ass-a, d aselmad-amnadi deg ugezdu n tutlayt d yidles tmaziɣt di tesdawit n Tizi-Uzzu.  D aɛeggal, d amnadi deg usnadi n uslugen d uselmed n tutlayt tamaziɣt (Laboratoire d’Aménagement et d’Enseignement de la Langue Amazighe). Tazrawt-is n Duktura di taɣult n tesnilest, iga-tt ɣef usmeskel anmawal d ulɣaseddasay di teqbaylit. Yemmesten-itt deg wunbir 2019 s tmesnelya n Ḥaddadu Muḥend-Akli ad fell-as yeɛfu Rebbi. Saεid Ḥasani i d-iḥellan aswir n uselmad amasrag A deg useggas-a, ila azal n 10 tezrawin d yimuhal icudden ɣer tesnilest.

Tutlayt-inu: Ussan-a kan i tezriḍ ɣer uswir n uselmad-amasrag-A deg taɣult n tesnilest, ad ak-nini mebruk u ad ak-nerr tajmilt ɣef umesten-a i d-tḥellaḍ s tidi d waṭas wussisen.

Saεid Ḥasani: Tanemmirt ! anadi asdawan mačči d ayen isehlen, skud yettnadi wabɛaḍ yettaf-d timukrisin ladɣa deg unnar-agi n tmaziɣt. Abrid n tussna d war (ur ili) tilisa. Tura ara yebdu unadi s tidet, ad bdun yisenfaren yeggunin ; nessaram ad nessiweḍ ɣer yiswi-nneɣ.

Tutlayt-inu: Ttxil-k ssenfali-aɣ-d ɣef uḥulfu-inek akked unamek i ila way-a di twuri-nnek d aselmad-amnadi.

Saεid Ḥasani: Tawuri n uselmad-amnadi tuɛer mliḥ. Mačči d aselmed kan neɣ d timsirin kan ara ixeddem uselmad i yinelmaden, maca d amnadi daɣen, meḥsub yesɛa imuhal-ines, yettnadi, yattaru imagraden neɣ idlisen, isedday tizrawin n yinelmaden... atg. Tura ara bdun yisenfaren !! 

Tutlayt-inu: Mmeslay-aɣ-d dɣa, ɣef yimuhal-ik isdawanen.

Saεid Ḥasani: Imuhal-iw isdawanen, bdiɣ-ten acḥal aya. Amahil amezwaru, xedmeɣ-t deg useggas n 2001, deg ukatay n licence, ɣef uktawal n yimɣan n temnaḍt n At-Yeḥya Musa. Si tazwara, ay rriɣ ddhen-iw ar taɣult n tesnilest, d tin i yi-ijebden dɣa giɣ akatay deg tsenmawalt (lexicologie) n tmaziɣt ɣef tɣessa (di talɣa akked unamek) n umawal n yimɣan ay d-jemɛeɣ di temnaḍt n At-Yeḥya Mussa. Deg tezrawt-agi, kkseɣ-d (gelmeɣ-d) iberdan n usileɣ n umawal n yimɣan akken ad nẓer amek ulɣen yismawen n yimɣan d wamek ttsemmin i yimɣan di temnaḍt-agi n At-Yeḥya-Musa. 

Deg useggas n 2003, bdiɣ amecwar nniḍen nnig-turagt, d asileɣ di taɣult n tesnilest n tmaziɣt. Mi ifukk useggas amezwaru (aseggas aneẓri), xedmeɣ akatay n majister ɣef uglam d ukenni n usmeskel alɣaway gar kradet n tmeslayin n tmurt n Leqbayel : tameslayt n At-Yeḥya-Mussa, tameslayin n Yiɛezzuzen d Uweqqas. Deg ukatay-agi, gelmeɣ-d tameslayt n At Yeḥya-Mussa, kkseɣ-d tulmisin timsisliyin, gelmeɣ-d inagrawen n umyag d unisem n tmeslayt-agi ; rnu kennaɣ-ten ɣer tmeslayin n Yiɛezzuzen d Uweqqas akken ad d-nekkes ayen i-deg mgaradent d wayen i-deg ttemcabint (mgadant) ama di temsislit, ama di tesnalɣa ama deg umawal. Ar taggara, nufa-d igmaḍ-agi : yal tameslayt s tulmisin-is tisnilsiyin (timsisliyin, tilɣawiyin, tinmawalin). Tameslayt n At-Yeḥya-Mussa, teqreb ugar ɣer tmeslayt n Yiɛezzuzen wala ɣer tin n Uweqqas.  Akatay-agi , majister msetneɣ-t ass n 10 di mayu n useggas n 2008. 

Mi nkenna gar kradet n tmeslayin-nni, nufa-d ayen i-deg ɛedlent d wayen deg i mgaradent (di temsislit, di tesnalɣa akked umawal). Igmaḍ i d-nufa, wellhen-aɣ ad nkemmel anadi deg ukenni gar tmeslayin n tmurt n Leqbayel, dɣa nessewseɛ annar, neṭṭef aṭas n tedgatin di tmurt n Leqbayel, nga tasastant deg-s neṭṭef akk iswiren n tutlayt ; ayagi nga-t di tezrawt-nneɣ n duktura ɣef trakalt tanutlayt n tmaziɣt (taqbaylit), dagi nsexdem titiknulujiyin timaynutin am useɣzan QGIS d wallalen n tsenselkimt i wakken ad neg tikarḍiwin i ɣef ara d-banent ugar tneḍwa, rnu ad nefhem ugar asmeskel anutlay di teqbaylit.

Ihi, tazrawt-agi n majister, twelleh-aɣ, tesban-aɣ-d d acu i yeggunin tutlayt n tmaziɣt ; dɣa bdiɣ tazrawt n duktura i wumi fkiɣ azwel : « Asmeskel anmawal, alɣaseddasay di tmeslayin n tmurt n Leqbayel». Tazrawt-agi, teḍfer inadiyen imezwura yettwaxedmen ɣef trakalt tanutlayt n tmaziɣt ; neɛreḍ nsefhem-d  amek ay d-iban usmeskel (amsislay, anmawal akked walɣaseddasay) di teqbaylit d umefruzeɛ-ines di temnaḍin n tmurt n Leqbayel. 

Newwet ad d-nesken iswiren i deg d-yettban usmeskel d ukala ay d-yeglan s usmeskel di teqbaylit akken meḥsub ad nefhem tilawt n usmeskel di teqbaylit. Di tazwara, nesleḍ amefruzeɛ di temnaḍin n tmurt n Leqbayel n tneḍwa n kra n wawalen yerzan iktawalen-agi : tafekka n umdan, iɣersiwen, ifrax, imɣan, ismawen n umigaw, irbiben, tiɣma, imyagen deg talɣa taḥerfit, kra n yimedyaten ilɣaseddasayen akken ad nẓer anda ay uɣen aẓar d wanda beddlen, rnu nesleḍ asmeskel amsislay ay d-nemlal, nessefhem-d amek beddlen yimesla asusru ; ma d asmeskel alɣaway, yettbini-d deg usalaɣ ; asmeskel anmawal nufa-t-id s ubeddel n uẓar n wawal. Nefren 111 tedgatin (tuddar) deg yigezda (tiwilayin) n tmurt n Leqbayel : Tizi-Uzzu, Bgayet, Tubiret, Sṭif, Bumerdas, d Burǧ Bu-Ɛririǧ. Tazrawt-iw n Duktura di taɣult n tesnilest, giɣ-tt ɣef usmeskel anmawal d ulɣaseddasay di teqbaylit. Msetneɣ-tt deg wunbir 2019 s tmesnelya n Ḥaddadu Muḥend-Akli ad fell-as yeɛfu Rebbi.

Tutlayt-inu: Kra si tezrawin-ik, llant di google scholar - asmel n unadi ussnan. Dacu n yisental i tzerweḍ deg-sent?

Saεid Ḥasani: Ddeqs n yisental i zerweɣ deg yinadiyen-iw. Acu kan, wid i d-yufraren neɣ amur ameqqran deg-sen ad ten-tafeḍ ttezzin ɣef usmeskel utlayan ; rriɣ ddhen-iw ɣur-s, ɣer temsalt-agi n usmeskel, imi d tagi ay d-yezgan d ugur ameqqran deg uslugen n tutlayt taqbaylit. Snekdeɣ-d daɣen allalen s way-s nezmer ad d-nesken tineḍwa ɣef tkarḍiwin tirakalin ; axaṭer taɣult-agi, tesra aseɣzan ara d-igen tikerḍiwin akken ad tishil tesleḍt. Llan daɣen yisental niḍen am tesmedga yekkaten ad d-tesken talɣiwin d yinumak n yismawen n yidgan, wagi daɣen yella deg yimuhal-iw maca mazal kan ur d-yettwaseẓreg ara. 

Tutlayt-inu: Amek tettwaliḍ anya (rythme) n usmeskel utlayan? Amek i iteddu?

Saεid Ḥasani: Anya n usmeskel utlayan, s umata d afellay axaṭer amgarad yettili s umata deg ususru (neɣ lmenṭeq) neɣ deg umawal. Ayen yerzan, taseddast (d ul n tutlayt), ur tbeddel ara tɣessa-s, meḥsub d yiwet di teqbaylit. Leqbayel, mi ara ttmeslayen, ɣas wa seg yidis n ufella, wa seg yidis n wadda, wa ifehhem wa, ɣas yal wa s tmeslayt-is d tulmisin n tmeslayt-is. Di timawit, ur yelli wugur, maca ugur yettbini-d deg uselmed ; amek ara neslugen akk tineḍwa ay d-nettemlili di teqbaylit ? llant temsal frant, tiyaḍ mazal imi ur nessin ara akk timeslayin n teqbaylit akken ad nizmir ad nesbedd isefranen i-ɣef ara nsenned akken ad nefren talɣa ɣef tayeḍ neɣ asusru n wawal ɣef wayeḍ.

Tutlayt-inu: Kečč i yesselmaden di tesdawit Mulud At Mεemmer, mmeslay-aɣ-d cwiṭ ɣef uswir n wassaɣen yellan ger yigezda n Tmaziɣt di taɣult-a n usmeskel n tutlayt-nneɣ.

Saεid Ḥasani: Igezda n tmaziɣt : Win n Tizi-Uzzu, win n Bgayet , win n Tubiret neɣ win n Tbatent, iswi-nsen agejdan d asileɣ n yinelmaden deg taɣult n tutlayt d yidles amaziɣ. Inelmaden ara d-yeffɣen, ad izmiren ad slemden tamaziɣt deg yiɣerbazen imenza d yilemmasen d tesnawiyin. Igezda n Tizi-Uzzu d Bgayet imi d wigi ay d imezwura i d-ilulen, seg-sen i ttagmen yigezda-nni wiyaḍ (Tubiret d Tbatent) neɣ ɣur-sen i ttsenniden. Ma d ayen yerzan tinezdit gar yigezda-agi n tmaziɣt, txuss mliḥ, imi yal agezdu ixeddem i yiman-is, dagi meḥsub deg usileɣ n yinelmaden. Ma d inadiyen n tussna, ha-t-an iban, tussna tettsennid ɣef teẓri d tarrayin akken ad d-iban unadi d ussnan. 

Tutlayt-inu: Di tesnilest d tsekla, amek d wacu i ttembeddalent tesdawiyin gar-asent, deg unnar n usdukkel d usemlili n tarrayin n uselmed?

Saεid Ḥasani: Yessefk ad nẓer belli ahil n usileɣ s-way-s xeddmen deg yigezda-agi n tmaziɣt d yiwen : Ahil n Lisans (Licence) d imezdi. Aseggas amezwaru, kif-kif ; aseggas wis-sin d wis-3, ttilint tferniwin : Tasnilest, tasekla d tɣerma. Tasnilest d tsekla, ɣas rnu-d taɣerma, tigi akk ta tessawal i ta deg unnar n unadi. Ɣef waya, igezda n tmaziɣt, tezdi-ten taɣult tutlayt d yidles n tmaziɣt.

Tutlayt-inu: D acu i tettwaliḍ d tifrat  i wakken ad taɣ tutlayt abrid n war tuɣalin deg usfari d usetrer.

Saεid Ḥasani: Tutlayt, tewwid-d sin n yiberdan : 

1u- d aselmed : Aselmed-is skud la yettaẓ ɣer s-dat, ɣas akken mazal uguren d kra n temsal yeqqnen ɣer wid iɣettsen di tmurt. 

Wis-2- d tira d unadi : ddeqs n yimyura la yettarun idlisen, iseggasen ineggura dɣa, aṭas n wungalen i d-yeffɣen ; ayagi ad d-yernu lǧehd i tutlayt axaṭer mazal ur teffiɣ ara seg timawit. Ddeqs n yisental d tewsatin, ay mazal ur d-ffiɣen ara seg timawit. Ayen akk yellan di timawit, mi ara yuɣal ɣer tira, ad iɛawen tutlayt akken ad d-tban, rnu ad d-tifrir. Ayen yerzan asetrer, akken ad teddu tmaziɣt deg ubrid-agi n tutlayin timeqqranin, laqen ttawilat : ilaq wammas n uslugen d uṣeggem n tutlayt (takadimit) akken wid yettarun ad ṭṭafaren akk ayen ad d-tessuffeɣ, rnu tutlayt ad teddu akked wakud. Ilaq daɣen usmuzzeɣ n tdeblin, n yiberdan, ….. Mačči d tazmert ur tezmir ara tutlayt i yiman-is, xaṭi ! maca ur as-ttunefken ara ttawilat i as-ilaqen rnu ur d-teɣli ara gar yifassen n wid i as-izemren d wid ara yizmiren i temsal. Annar n tmaziɣt am win ikerrzen iger, afellaḥ akken ad t-yekrez, ilaq ad yesɛu nnḍer !! Ciṭuḥ-agi i teṭṭef iman-is, s tmeɣnest kan, wamag ula d ciṭuḥ-agi ur yettili ara !!

Tutlayt-inu: Aḥric ameqqran n wid i d-iteffɣen s yigerdasen n Tmaziɣt si tesdawit, ur xeddmen ara yis-sen. Ilaq usḥissef (ahat) imi ur ttekkayen ara di lebni n tutlayt d usmatu-ines?

Saεid Ḥasani: D tidet !! Deg yiseggasen-agi ineggura, ddeqs n yinelmaden i d-itteffɣen s yigerdasen n tmaziɣt ula xeddmen ara. Ula d timsizzelt i wid ara yuɣalen d iselmaden deg usedwel aɣelnaw, ulac taggara-agi, aya-agi, yebda la yessenqas wid i d-ikeccmen ɣer yigezda n tmaziɣt, rnu ula d wid yebdan leqraya deg uswir wis sin neɣ wis-3, ur ttkemmilen ara. Inelmaden, fecclen, rewwlen, yettruḥu-asen lebɣi-nni s way-s i d-keccmen di tazwara, tettenququl-asen nniya !!. 

Tutlayt-inu: D acu i d tamuɣli-k ɣef udlis amaziɣ ama d ussnan neɣ d aseklan, ama deg wayen yerzan taɣara neɣ amḍan ?  

Saεid Ḥasani: Deg yiseggasen-agi ineggura, ddeqs n yidlisen yettwarun s tmaziɣt i d-yeffɣen ; imyura, bdan la tekkren i taɣulin n tussna mačči d tasekla kan : tasniremt, tasenselkimt, taliktrunikt…. Idlisen-agi i d-yeffɣen, laqen-asent tezrawin akken ad d-ibin wamek tga tɣessa n yirman-nni i d-summren yimyura akken ad ttwazuzren deg tensudwin n tussna.  Yessefk daɣen ad ṭṭuqten yidlisen akken ad yili usifi, syin akkin ad d-yifrir lḥebb ɣef ukerfa. 

Tutlayt-inu: Imuhal-ik di tesnilest mačči yiwen mačči sin, i melmi asiẓreg-nsen akken ad awḍen ɣer wid i asen-yesran ama d inelmaden, d iselmaden neɣ d wiyaḍ?

Saεid Ḥasani: Imuhal-iw deg tesnilest, ɛeddan i mraw (10) tura, rnu llan akk deg yizeḍwan inmettiyen, yella yiwen udlis yeffeɣ-d deg useggas n 2019 ɣer teẓrigin n Lurupa ɣef trakalt tanutlayt n tmurt n Leqbayel, wagi ɣef uktawal n yimɣan ; wiyaḍ d imagraden, tuget deg-sen d tamsalt n usmeskel anutlay di teqbaylit uɣur rriɣ ddhen-iw ; tikwal tteffɣeɣ si teqbaylit, jebbdeɣ-d si tentaliyin niḍen n tmaziɣt. Sya d afella, ad yili usiẓreg dagi di tmurt n Lezzayer n udlis-nni i d-yeffɣen di teẓrigin n Lurupa. 

Tutlayt-inu: S tiḍt-ik n umussnaw-aselmad, amek i ak-d-yettban yimal n Tmaziɣt di tmurt-nneɣ ? 

Saεid Ḥasani: Akken i as-yenna umedyaz Meɛtub Lwennas deg usefru-nni-ines : “Tamaziɣt, tban ; iserreḥ-as-d zzman ; ɣas ḥercet ɣur-wen ; A widak yeɣran ; d ifassen n yimeɣban ; ssizedget taswiɛt” !  Ɣas akken tamaziɣt tewwi-d abrid n tussna s tezrawin d yinadiyen, maca abrid-nni n tmeɣnest ur d-yewwi ara ad as-nebru ! akka i tḍerru di tutlayin tindersin ; timeɣnest tettak afud i tutlayt akken ad tidir, akken imawlan-is ur tt-tettun ara, ad tt-ḥemmlen, ad tt-seqdacen, ad tt-selmaden, ad tt-ttmeslayen i warraw-nsen akken ur tnegger ara. Tasertit n tmurt n Lezzayer, tekkat amek ad tsenger tamaziɣt, ɣas akken d tutlayt taɣelnawt, d tunṣibt maca aẓayer-agi ur as-gin ara irebbi akken ad teddu am tutlayin timeqqranin ; ineɣtasen n tmurt n Lezzayer, ur lin ara lḥir akken ad tifrir axaṭer asenfar-nsen yeqqen ɣer taɛrabt-tineslemt, cekneṭḍen deg-s am tmenṭeḍt deg yiselsa ; tamaziɣt amzun akken d takna, ur tesɛi la azal la amkan. Azaglu tɛebba tmaziɣt di tmurt n Lezzayer ulac tamtilt-is deg umaḍal, ɣas akken deg uselmed, tettaẓ ɣer s-dat, maca deg taɣulin niḍen d asḥisef  kan ! 

Tutlayt-inu: Amek tettwaliḍ asemres n Tmaziɣt deg yiẓeḍwan inmettiyen d internet, s wudem amatu? 

Saεid Ḥasani: Tamaziɣt, tuɣ amkan deg yizeḍwan inmettiyen ; ayagi, d asurif yelhan, d ayen yessefraḥen, meḥsub semrasen-tt medden, d allal n teywalt ; ayagi d ttbut belli tezmer ad teddu deg ubrid n tutlayin timeqqranin, mačči d tutlayt n tmucuha d yisefra kan !! 

Tutlayt-inu: Tutlayt-inu, d ablug iqeddcen ilmend n tutlayt d yidles. Acu d annay-ik fell-as?

Saεid Ḥasani: A wi yufan ad ggten yiblugen am wigi, axaṭer deg-s tfetti tmusni, d annar n tira d usenfali n wid terza temsalt n tmaziɣt. Ḥala abaɣur ay d-yerna i tutlayt, imi deg-s ad naf iḍrisen, timsirin n tjerrumt, amawal, tamedyazt, ….atg

Tutlayt-inu: A-t-an ɣur-k wawal n taggara, efk-d d asirem neɣ izen ɣef wayen triḍ. 

Saεid Ḥasani: Riɣ ad d-iniɣ, wid yettarun akken ad d-tban tafat ɣef tamaziɣt, sran asebɣes akken ad kemmlen ur fecclen ara imi abrid yessawen, lebɣi deg wulawen. 

Tadiwennit, iga-tt Sadaq Bendali

https://sadbendali.blogspot.com/2022/07/tadiwennit-d-uduktur-n-tesnilest.html